After every shooting incident, administrators across the country pledge to
review their lock-down plans and many cry out for new, additional gun-control measures. However, most people never learn the recommended
response to active shooter incidents. Rather than sensationalize the shooter
and the tragedy, we should be teaching people how to react when the unthinkable
happens.
In October 2008, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security developed training
for the general public regarding how to respond to active shooter incidents.
The training was developed following the Virginia Tech massacre in 2007. The
concepts behind the recommended active shooter responses are easy yet they all but unknown to most of the public.are
If you hear shots fired, you have an immediate decision to make to save your
life and maybe even the lives of those nearby. You must decide between one of
three options. You can evacuate, hide or take decisive action and fight back. You will want to be prepared in advance to take any of these actions.
If you can safely leave the area, you should evacuate. There is no need to
hide or stay around an area where there is a shooter if you can immediately and safely
evacuate the area. It is OK to run! Unless you are a trained law enforcement
officer you don’t necessarily need to stay in harm’s way. It is a good idea to take
note of any exits or stairwells and have a plan of escape in mind. If you hear
shots fired down the hall or in another area of the building, you may be able
to immediately escape and cal 911. Time is of the essence and you must make the decision to
evacuate after listening to determine where the shots are coming from. As you
leave the building, if you see law enforcement, make sure to show your hands and follow instructions if any are given.
If evacuation is not possible, hide. Get out of the hallways. You should barricade yourself in a
room, if possible. Close and lock all doors and windows. It may also be wise to place obstacles near the door which slow the
shooter down and give even a second or two of distraction to the
shooter. Close any blinds or
curtains and turn off the lights. Find a hiding spot where you will be
concealed. If possible, take cover behind items that may stop a bullet and get
as low to the ground as you can with your arms and legs pulled in tight to your
body. In the military and law enforcement, anything that can stop a bullet is
called “cover.”
While hiding, silence your cell phone or pager. You do not want to draw
attention to yourself. If possible, do not choose a hiding place that traps or restricts
your options for movement. If police officers bang on the door and tell you to
come out, you have some decisions to make. How do you know whether or not they are law
enforcement or the shooter? Some officers are trained to put their badge
under the door so occupants know it is actually the police at the door. You may not
want to yell back at law enforcement because that could give your position away
to an impostor. It will be your decision to make whether you
remain hiding when you observe enough signs and you have reached the conclusion that it is
now safe to come out.
Finally, as a last resort and only when you feel your life is in imminent danger,
fight back, take action against the shooter. Use whatever you can, such as a fire
extinguisher, chairs, vases, or anything else to try to incapacitate the
shooter. If possible, work as a team with others to stop the shooter. Act with
physical aggression and do not stop until the shooter is unable to continue
firing.
The City of Houston, Texas
recently made an educational training video called “Run, Hide, Fight” to
demonstrate these survival techniques. Although it is recommend that adults
watch this video, potential viewers should be aware that the video could be
considered graphic in nature. The video shows an actor shooting several people
at close range with a shotgun. Parental discretion might be recommended for
children with regards to this video.
When you make contact with law enforcement during an active shooter incident
(either because you run towards them while you are trying to evacuate or they
enter the room in which you are hiding), always show your hands. Police
officers and sheriff deputies do not know that you are not the shooter. They do
not know if there are multiple shooters. Do not be surprised if you are
searched or questioned. It is possible that shooters can hide among innocent
victims trying to escape capture. Law enforcement may run right past you
without stopping. They are trained to respond to the sound of the
shots being fired so that they can engage the shooter. Don’t stop evacuating
just because you see police or swat team members. Always follow any
instructions given to you by law enforcement officials.
Notice how there is no lock-down option given? Lock-down is a procedure that
originated with prison riots. If there was a disturbance in the prison like a
fight or riot, the guards would lock-down the prison, withdraw the remaining
guards, and wait for reinforcements to arrive to break up the riot. These
lock-down procedures were not intended to protect inmates but merely to safely
remove the guards and wait for reinforcements. It is common during prison riots
for the guards to set up a perimeter and wait for back-up.
Following the Columbine
High School massacre in
1999, law enforcement across the country changed their tactics for responding
to active shooter incidents. In 1999, the best practice for any type of hostage
situation was to form a perimeter and wait for a Special Weapons and Tactics or
SWAT team to arrive. Columbine changed everything, though. As patrol officers
formed a perimeter, the two active shooters in Columbine never stopped firing.
Rather than a hostage situation, where time is on the side of law enforcement
and there is a standard operating procedure involving trained negotiators,
active shooter incidents are rapidly evolving situations with an individual
actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a public, well
populated area. There will often be no pattern or method to their selection of
victims. The active shooter just wants to kill and kill publicly and never
intends to survive the incident.
Law enforcement officers are trained to immediately enter wherever the
active shooter is and move to the sound of gunfire. They no longer set up a
perimeter and wait for back-up. We should all re-evaluate whether or not lock-down
tactics are best for our schools, businesses, etc. Please understand that in
some circumstances, lock-down procedures may be appropriate. For elementary
schools, it is unlikely that unarmed teachers may be able to safely lead young children out of
the school if they hear shots fired, however, teachers should be trained that
evacuation is an option. In hospitals, it may be impossible to move many
patients quickly away from a shooter and the best solution for hospitals is
often lock-down. It has been suggested that armed guards be stationed in some of
these more public locations or that citizens who are of a mind to should
legally arm themselves.
Everyone should think about what they will do during an active shooter
incident and talk to your friends and family about it as well.
Don’t allow yourself, your family or your friends to become a victim. Ask if they know about
“run, hide, fight” and if they know what to do when they hear shots fired.
This type of preparedness just might save lives and even turn the tide against this sort of violence in the future.